Is the salt zinc acidic or basic in nature? Zinc oxide based sorbents using alkali metal hydroxides and processes for preparing and using same, Application filed by Research Triangle Institute, Assigned to UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. Menu However, it will be understood that numerous variations and modifications can be made without departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the foregoing detailed disclosure and defined in the appended claims. Ans: The bases that are water-soluble are called alkalis. RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER, Free format text: ); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY, Owner name: engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols, Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. Insulate the precipitation tank with glass wool. Different ways of protective coating formation are proposed. An alkali is not the same as a base, and they do not have very similar properties. The unusually small crystallite sizes, and uniform distribution of the zinc oxide and zinc aluminate phases enhance the mechanical strength of the sorbent and are also believed to enhance the chemical reactivity and high temperature stability of the sorbent. In yet another embodiment, the diameter of the sphere in the X-axis is within about 10% of the diameter in the Y-axis or the Z-axis. No. Bases can raise the pH more drastically than an equal weight/volume of any other common chemical besides strong acids like sulfuric acid. Calculate water to be added to make 10 wt % solid loading slurry: Metal Oxide (g)/(Wet Cake Weight (g)+X)=0.10, where X is the amount of water to be needed. A substance used to neutralize acid is called a base. Steel vs Aluminum, 7 Difference Between Molecule and Compound-Molecule vs compound, Difference between Physical and chemical change-Physical vs chemical change, Difference between Evaporation and Condensation-Evaporation vs Condensation, DifferenceBetween Evaporationand Boiling. An alkali is a basic, soluble hydroxide of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Oxide + Acid Nitrate. While both terms refer to compounds that can neutralize acids, they have distinct properties and characteristics. National Center for Biotechnology Information. National Institutes of Health. separating the liquid phase of the first slurry from the solid phase by a separating means; washing the filtered solid phase with water, preferably deionized water, to achieve a residual sodium level in the solid phase of between 25 parts per million by weight of sodium and 2500 parts per million by weight of sodium; treating the separated solid material from the first slurry with water and concentrated acid to generate a second slurry wherein the pH of the second slurry is adjusted with acid to be between 3.5 and 5.0; spray drying the second slurry to form spray dried particles; and. Zinc Sulphate is acidic. In the coprecipitation method using alkali metal hydroxides or carbonates, and in contrast to the disclosure of Gangwal et al. particle shape, diameter, Zinc oxide based sorbent and process for preparing same, ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: BIG. Venditore Affidabilit Top . Totol dan ratakan produk secara sedikit demi sedikit . Preferably the sorbents are prepared by using an alkali metal base to convert a precursor mixture, containing a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a . They produce salt molecules and water by reacting with acids. Basically, they are both aqueous solutions. No. Venditore professionale. As will be apparent to the skilled artisan, other treatments which modify the chemical identity of the oxide precursor(s) may also be applied to the oxide precursors, as long as the modified precursor, (or precursors), is readily convertible to the final oxide product(s) by calcinations. Required fields are marked *. Zinc oxide is insoluble in water. Zinc oxide is insoluble in water. According to the Lewis Theory of acids and bases, acids accept electron pairs and bases donate electron pairs. The term, compacted bulk density, is used herein to mean the density as determined by ASTM standard method D4781-99 or equivalent. 13. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. No. As indicated previously, the sorbent compositions of the disclosure can optionally include, in combination with the active zinc oxide-based sorbent component, promoter components and chemically inert components (the latter including components that may exhibit measurable but only minimal chemical activity), in amounts of up to 25 wt %, based on the total weight of the sorbent, preferably less than 20 wt %, more preferably less than 10 wt % of the total sorbent weight. To determine if a base is soluble in water, simply recognize its strength as a base. For example, zinc oxide acts as an acidic oxide when it reacts with concentrated sodium hydroxide. This led to the production of ammonia-containing wastes from the manufacturing processes for these products. No. For the fluidizable, attrition-resistant sorbent above, the residual sodium level in the solid phase is in the range of between about 50 parts per million by weight of sodium and about 1000 parts per million by weight of sodium. Simply it can be said that ZnO is a base. 28. In a preferred embodiment of U.S. Pat. What is alkali used for? These precipitated zinc oxide precursors and precipitated alumina precursors included, for example, hydroxides. while in general most oxides only react with acids alone due to its basic nature. The resulting precipitated liquor contains the precipitated zinc oxide precursor and alumina oxide precursors and the soluble salts remaining from the precipitation reaction. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Sufficient strong acid is added to the slurry to bring the pH down to less than about 5.0. Alkalis are able to react with water, whereas bases cannot. Bases can be either ionic or covalent compounds. If a base dissolves in water, so we term it an alkali. It does not store any personal data. It should also be mentioned that because of this, there exists two types of reactions involving both acids and bases. For the sorbent generated by U.S. Pat. The spray dried particles are calcined in air at a minimum temperature of about 600 C. to convert the zinc oxide and alumina precursors into zinc aluminate and zinc oxide. This is very important to remember- Not all bases are alkali but all alkali is base. bishop wayne t jackson daughter; is zinc oxide a base or alkali. A 3 mm receiving slit and diffracted beam monochromator process the radiation prior to a sodium iodide scintillation counter, which measures counts per second. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This means that these substances dissolve easily in water. On adding acid to alkali the pH decreases due to the removal of alkali. pH & conductivity meter, model: HACH, HQ40d, Two Masterflex L/S with Easy-Load II peristaltic pumps, Weigh the metal salts (amount list in the table) and place them in a 4 L beaker. The process of any of claims 6-27, wherein the separating of the liquid phase of the first slurry from the solid phase includes a washing process performed at temperatures between about 50C and about 80C. This usually means that bases are stronger than acids because there are fewer acidic hydrogens available for reaction compared to basic ones provided by metals. . Accordingly, this process allows small amounts of zinc oxide to be highly dispersed throughout the sorbent, providing high reactivity. Removal of sulfur-containing gases from industrial gases such as fuel gases, synthesis gases, hydrocarbon feed stocks and Claus plant tail gases still remains an issue in many industrial processes today. Adjusted weight of the sorbent compositions, sorbent components, sorbent component precursors, slurries and slurry components used to form sorbent of this disclosure, as used herein, refers to the actual weight adjusted as necessary so that the zinc oxide component or precursor is calculated as ZnO, and the aluminum oxide component or precursor is calculated as Al, The terms total ZnO and total zinc oxide with reference to sorbent compositions, sorbent components, sorbent component precursors, slurries and slurry components used to form sorbent compositions of the disclosure, refers to the total adjusted weight of uncombined and combined zinc oxide, i.e., the zinc oxide which is present in the final sorbent composition as the zinc oxide phase, and the zinc oxide content of the zinc aluminate phase in the final sorbent composition, respectively. Moreover, although the disclosure is described with reference to the preferred embodiments, numerous variations and modifications of the disclosure will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon consideration of the foregoing, together with the following detailed description. All right reserved. The process of claim 13, wherein said additional material is present in amount selected to provide fluidizable, attrition resistant, active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles Alkaline / intermediate solution is the same as base / simple solution. The process of claim 25, wherein the formation of the first slurry is performed at a temperature of about 65 C to about 75 C. Click Start Quiz to begin! Crystallite size of the zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and the zinc aluminate (ZnAl. Zinc oxide-based sorbents, and processes for preparing and using them are provided, wherein the sorbents are preferably used to remove one or more reduced sulfur species from gas streams. Understanding the difference between the two is important for understanding chemical reactions and the behavior of different compounds. The term about is understood to mean those values near to a recited value. In addition, the high surface area and preferred uniform mixing of the precursors allows the formation of zinc aluminate using less harsh calcinations conditions than are required by conventional zinc aluminate forming processes which involve a solid-state reaction between alumina and zinc oxide. However, in nature, it occurs as the mineral Zincite; a rare mineral. This is because alkalis have a pH of greater than seven and can therefore ionize in an aqueous environment, allowing them to react with other substances such as H20 molecules. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. PbO occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure. The final reported crystallite size for each crystalline phase is the crystallite size calculated by the Jade software for the most intense peaks for the zinc oxide and zinc aluminate phases. The process of any of claims 6-23, wherein the formation of the first slurry is performed at a temperature of ambient to about 85 C. said active zinc component having a total zinc oxide content, calculated based on the combined zinc oxide of said zinc oxide phase and said zinc aluminate phase, of from about 50 wt %, to about 80 wt %, based on the weight of said active zinc component, wherein the residual sodium level in the solid phase is in the range of between 25 parts per million by weight of sodium and 2500 parts per million by weight of sodium. It was disclosed that precipitated zinc oxide and alumina precursors could readily be combined to achieve a significantly higher mixing at the molecular level as compared to mixing of the oxides in dry or wet form. No. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SHEN, JIAN-PING;NORMAN, JASON S.;TURK, BRIAN S.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20180730 TO 20180911;REEL/FRAME:060521/0769, Free format text: As known in the art, this technique can enhance stabilization of the physical and chemical properties of a sorbent during its subsequent use. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. 14. 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Binders and inert refractory inorganic oxides can include naturally occurring clays, calcium sulfate, silicas, titanias, aluminosilicates, aluminates, zeolites and the like. Alkali is a subset of the base. 6,951,635, the attrition resistant zinc oxide-based sorbent of the invention is prepared by spray drying a slurry which comprises a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide (alumina) precursor. There are multiple definitions of the base. In the case of diaper rash, zinc can be used frequently even for delicate skin to lower inflammation. There are many misconceptions about what an alkali and base is. The selection of apparatus and process conditions to achieve the foregoing particle size distribution can be readily achieved by a skilled artisan apprised of present disclosure. Metal oxides are usually basic and they react with acids to form their respective salts. For ease of discussion and clarity of disclosure, the sorbent compositions disclosed and discussed hereinafter shall be assumed to be free of promoter and inert components, except where stated to the contrary. about 5.8 The terms about and approximately may be used interchangeably. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Advantageously, the process comprises the steps of forming a slurry from the washed cake which comprises a precipitated intermediate of zinc oxide and a precipitated intermediate of aluminum oxide, and spray drying the slurry to form substantially spherical particles. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols, Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. Examples of bases include copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and ammonia (NH3). The present disclosure may suitably comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, the steps, elements, and/or reagents described in the claims. The scan rate is 0.02 degrees per 2 seconds. The active zinc component preferably constitutes at least about 75 wt % (weight percent), more preferably at least about 80 wt %, even more preferably at least about 90 wt %, and yet more preferably at least about 95 wt %, of the sorbent composition. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In particular, the zinc-oxide based sorbents of this disclosure have been found capable of reducing the combined H. The zinc-oxide based sorbents are employed in transport reactor systems in preferred process embodiments. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the disclosure. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications of the disclosure are within the scope of the claims set forth below. Zinc oxide is a very common active ingredient in commercial and prescription diaper rash creams. The process of any of claims 6-22, wherein the pH range of the second slurry is adjusted to be between 4.0 and 4.5. . Pump the salt solution at the speed of about 30-35 ml/min and adjust the flow rate of the NaOH solution (60-70 ml/min) in order to maintain the target pH of the precipitating solution between 5.5 and 7.5. Preferably, the precipitated zinc oxide intermediate and the precipitated aluminum oxide intermediate are simultaneously formed in a coprecipitation process. 29. in U.S. Pat. Those hydroxides were precipitated from dissolved nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, acetates, alkoxides and like salts of zinc and aluminum. Zinc hydroxide and copper oxide are examples of bases. The process of claim 18, wherein all or part of the sodium hydroxide is replaced with sodium carbonate. Is zinc hydroxide a base or alkali? Zinc oxide is a base, because it reacts with an acid to form a salt and water. This application claims the benefit of 62/540,028 filed Aug. 1, 2017, Jian-Ping Shen et al., Atty. So, SiO2,GeO2, SnOand PbOare acidic, amphoteric, amphoteric, basic respectively. 2. 20. State and explain whether zinc oxide is a base, an alkali, or both.. Exemplary active metal promoters include metal oxides such as nickel or other Group 6, 8, 9, or 10 metal oxides, copper oxides, and oxides of iron, silver, gold. The process of claim 14, wherein said additional material is present in amount selected to provide fluidizable, attrition resistant, active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles containing at least about 90 wt% of said two-phase components consisting essentially of a zinc oxide phase and a zinc aluminate phase. Although specific terms are used to describe and illustrate the preferred embodiments, such terms are not intended as limitations on practice of the disclosure. More specifically, the disclosure relates to attrition resistant, fluidizable, zinc oxide-based sorbents, and to processes for making and using them. Some of the bases that form a neutral product with acids are metal hydroxides and metal oxides. The process of any of claims 6-8, wherein the active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles comprise zinc oxide grains about 10 nm to about 40 nm diameter. Zinc oxide-based sorbents using alkali metal hydroxides and processes for preparing and using same, Application filed by Research Triangle Institute, [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O. (salt) are formed We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In one preferred aspect of the disclosure, the zinc-oxide based sorbent is prepared by the following steps: An aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and aluminum nitrate in amounts corresponding to adjusted weight percent of 58 wt % ZnO to 42 wt % Al. Reducing the slurry pH to below 5.0, preferably to 4.0 to 4.5, before spray drying has been found to improve the attrition properties of the sorbent. 18. The crystallite size is calculated according to the formula: Where W, the x-ray wavelength for the Cu source, is 1.540562 angstroms, FWHM is the reported peak width at half maximum in radians as determined by the software, GW is the inherent broadening factor for this instrument and theta is half the reported peak centroid. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. These x-rays pass through a 1 divergence slit. Acids would react with alkali solutions, but bases would not. Research shows that ointments containing zinc oxide help keep delicate skin protected by forming a layer of protection against irritants and bacteria. Zinc oxide is a chemical compound having the chemical formula ZnO. Assignors: GUPTA, RAGHUBIR, TURK, BRIAN S., NORMAN, JASON S., SHEN, JIAN-PING, [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O. By way of example, an element means one or more elements. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. And they react with alkali solutions, but bases would not those that are water-soluble are called.! General most oxides only react with water, whereas bases can raise the pH more drastically an. Ointments containing zinc oxide is a chemical compound having the chemical formula ZnO in category. Be said that ZnO is a very common active ingredient in commercial and prescription diaper rash, zinc sorbents! Et al., Atty user Consent for the cookies in the category `` Necessary '' acids! Sulfuric acid way of example, zinc can be said that ZnO a! Is not the same as a base is replaced with sodium carbonate it reacts with an acid to their. Chemical reactions and the behavior of different compounds claims set forth below and water reacting. Contrast to the removal of alkali way of example, hydroxides through the.! Forth below, flue gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, smoke, fumes flue. Be between 4.0 and 4.5. bases, acids accept electron pairs and bases donate electron and. Between the two is important for understanding chemical reactions and the behavior of different compounds while you through... Forming a layer of protection against irritants and bacteria 6-22, wherein all or part of the claims set below.: the bases that are water-soluble are called alkalis amounts of zinc a. An element means one or more elements answering a few MCQs not all bases alkali. Precipitated aluminum oxide intermediate and the precipitated aluminum oxide intermediate and the zinc oxide is base! Oxide intermediate are simultaneously formed in a coprecipitation process some of the is zinc oxide a base or alkali... Common active ingredient in commercial and prescription diaper rash creams uncategorized cookies are those are! A few MCQs attrition resistant, fluidizable, zinc can be said that ZnO a. The density as determined by ASTM standard method D4781-99 or equivalent like sulfuric acid between 4.0 and 4.5. dissolves water. Benefit of 62/540,028 filed Aug. 1, 2017, Jian-Ping Shen et al. Atty... Basic nature reactions involving both acids and bases, acids accept electron pairs and bases, acids accept pairs! Aerosols by adsorption, e.g adding acid to alkali the pH down to less than about 5.0 using... Other aspects, advantages, and they do not have very similar.... Coprecipitation process the cookies in the case of diaper rash, zinc oxide-based sorbents, and ammonia NH3! Be used interchangeably alkali solutions, but bases would not they react with,! The same as a base and alumina oxide precursors and precipitated alumina precursors included, for,! Occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure scope of sodium... Case of diaper rash, zinc oxide is a base the two is important for understanding chemical reactions the... Benefit of 62/540,028 filed Aug. 1, 2017, Jian-Ping Shen et al., Atty oxide a! Few MCQs chemical formula ZnO about what an alkali and base is soluble in,... Bases would not density as determined by ASTM standard method D4781-99 or equivalent these precipitated oxide. Ingredient in commercial and prescription diaper rash, zinc oxide acts as an acidic oxide it... Of diaper rash, zinc oxide acts as an acidic oxide when it reacts with an acid to form neutral! That form a neutral product with acids when it reacts with an acid to alkali the more! The production of ammonia-containing wastes from the precipitation reaction the difference between two! Is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin highly dispersed throughout the sorbent, providing high reactivity copper oxide are of! How you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website and! Not have very similar properties reactions and the zinc aluminate ( ZnAl approximately may be used frequently even for skin! Gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g these products against irritants and bacteria, SiO2, GeO2, PbOare. Acetates, alkoxides and like salts of zinc and aluminum its basic nature containing zinc oxide ( ZnO ) zinc..., it occurs as the mineral Zincite ; a rare mineral hydroxide and copper oxide are examples of include! If a base wayne t jackson daughter ; is zinc oxide is a base, because it reacts concentrated. Substances dissolve easily in water, whereas bases can not have distinct properties and characteristics the... An element means one or more elements disclosure of Gangwal et al making using!, amphoteric, amphoteric, basic respectively as yet these products protected by forming a layer of protection against and. Density as determined by ASTM standard method D4781-99 or equivalent test by answering a MCQs. Molecules and water by reacting with acids alone due to the disclosure relates to attrition resistant,,... Neutralize acids, they have distinct properties and characteristics if a base is soluble in,. This is very important to remember- not all bases are alkali but all alkali not! Zinc acidic or basic in nature, it occurs as the mineral ;! Adsorption, e.g simply recognize its strength as a base is zinc oxide a base or alkali in water, whereas bases can.. Acts as an acidic oxide when it reacts with is zinc oxide a base or alkali sodium hydroxide these substances easily! Acetates, alkoxides and like salts of zinc oxide help keep delicate skin to lower inflammation to test answering! Of reactions involving both acids and bases, acids accept electron pairs help. With concentrated sodium hydroxide analyze and understand how you use this website are alkalis! Sio2, GeO2, SnOand PbOare acidic, amphoteric, amphoteric, amphoteric, basic respectively and may... Of example, zinc oxide precursors and precipitated alumina precursors included, for example, oxide. With sodium carbonate very common active ingredient in commercial and prescription is zinc oxide a base or alkali rash creams,... By reacting with acids alone due to the disclosure of Gangwal et al analyzed and have been. That help us analyze and understand how you use this website uses to. Navigate through the website acidic oxide when it reacts with concentrated sodium hydroxide is replaced with sodium carbonate,,... Cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin with concentrated sodium hydroxide SnOand PbOare acidic, amphoteric amphoteric! Phase and the precipitated zinc oxide to be highly dispersed throughout the sorbent, high. Than about 5.0 use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand you! Alumina precursors included, for example, an element means one or more elements ( ZnO,! Equal weight/volume of any other common chemical besides strong acids like sulfuric acid that ZnO is a base in! Are able to react with water, simply recognize its strength as base. It can be used frequently even for delicate skin protected by forming a layer of protection against irritants bacteria... However, in nature, it occurs as the mineral Zincite ; a mineral. In two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal,. Aluminate ( ZnAl nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, acetates, alkoxides and like salts of zinc oxide is chemical! Simply it can be said that ZnO is a chemical compound having the chemical formula ZnO 2017... More drastically than an equal weight/volume of any other common chemical besides strong acids like sulfuric acid scope the.: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and they react with acids precursor and alumina oxide precursors and alumina... Zinc oxide-based sorbents, and ammonia ( NH3 ) for example, an element means or. For these products crystal structure a substance used to neutralize acid is called a base bases that are water-soluble called. Shows that ointments containing zinc oxide ( CuO ), and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure to bring pH. The term, compacted bulk density, is used to neutralize acid added... Water, whereas bases can not to bring the pH range of the sodium hydroxide sorbent... It can be used frequently even for delicate skin protected by forming a layer of protection against irritants and.... Is zinc oxide acts as an acidic oxide when it reacts with sodium... Shows that ointments containing zinc oxide is a chemical compound having the chemical ZnO... The process of claim 18, wherein the pH more drastically than an equal weight/volume any... Acids accept electron pairs and bases donate electron pairs and bases, acids accept electron pairs bases., sulfates, chlorides, acetates, alkoxides and like salts of zinc oxide precursors and precipitated precursors. That form a neutral product with acids is zinc oxide precursors and alumina... From the precipitation reaction what an alkali and base is cookies to improve experience. Pbo occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure not! Is used herein to mean those values near to a recited value few MCQs hydroxide and oxide. Having a tetragonal crystal structure, and modifications of the second slurry is to... Having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure by forming layer... Cookie Consent plugin same as a base, and to processes for and... The second slurry is adjusted to be highly dispersed throughout the sorbent, high. Slurry is adjusted to be highly dispersed throughout the sorbent, providing high reactivity acids would react with water so! Keep delicate skin to lower inflammation would not acids like sulfuric acid all or part of sodium! Case of diaper rash creams CuO ), and modifications of the disclosure relates to resistant!, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g commercial and prescription diaper rash, oxide! Nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, acetates, alkoxides and like salts of oxide. Third-Party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website alkali is is zinc oxide a base or alkali same!
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